Austin Spivey, a 24-year-old woman in Washington, has been looking for a relationship for years. She's been on several dating apps - OkCupid, Coffee Meets Bagel, Hinge, Tinder, Bumble. She's on a volleyball team, where she has a chance to meet people with similar interests in a casual setting. She's even let The Washington Post set her up.
"I'm a very optimistic dater," Spivey says, adding that she's "always energetic to keep trying." But it can get a little frustrating, she adds, when she's talking to someone on a dating app and they disappear mid-conversation. (She's vanished too, she admits.)
Spivey has a lot of company in her frustration, and in her singledom. Just over half of Americans between the ages of 18 and 34 - 51 percent of them - said they do not have a steady romantic partner, according to data from the General Social Survey released this week. That 2018 figure is up significantly from 33 percent in 2004 - the lowest figure since the question was first asked in 1986 - and up slightly from 45 percent in 2016. The shift has helped drive singledom to a record high among the overall public, among whom 35 percent say they have no steady partner, but only up slightly from 33 percent in 2016 and 2014.
There are several other trends that go along with the increase in young single Americans. Women are having fewer children, and they're having them later in life. The median age of first marriage is increasing. And according to a 2017 report from the Pew Research Center, among those who have never married but are open to it, most say a major reason is because they haven't found the right person.
Of course, not everyone who's under 35 and single is looking to change that. Caitlin Phillips, a 22-year-old student at the University of Georgia, is open to love if it walked into her life, but she's not actively looking for it. "I'm too busy, honestly. I travel a lot and I have a great group of friends that I hang out with," Phillips said in a phone interview, adding that she's working in addition to studying for a degree in journalism.
Ford Torney, a 26-year-old man in Baltimore, does want a steady partner - he just hasn't found the right connection yet. Torney says he occasionally feels isolated in his social circle, because most of his friends are married or in serious relationships. He has to remind himself, he says, "that most people my age aren't married, and I just have an outlier in terms of my social group." Among his guy friends who are single and around his age, most of them aren't looking for relationships, he says.
The GSS survey reflects similar trends from the federal Current Population Survey as analyzed by the Pew Research Center. The CPS data asked about living with a spouse or partner as opposed to simply having one. The Pew analysis found 42 percent of American adults who did not live with a spouse or partner in 2017, up from 39 percent in 2007. It also found an increase in the share of adults under 35 who didn't live with a spouse or partner over that period, from 56 percent to 61 percent.
According to the General Social Survey data, 41 percent of Democrats are without a steady partner, compared with only 29 percent of Republicans. Black Americans are more likely than white Americans to not have a steady partner: 51 percent vs. 32 percent, respectively.
The share of non-partnered Americans is also higher among those unemployed - 54 percent, up from 44 percent in 2016. Just under a third - 32 percent - of employed adults don't have a steady partner.
The General Social Survey was conducted by NORC at the University of Chicago using in-person interviews of a random national sample of 2,348 adults from April 12 to Nov. 10, 2018. Results on the partner question is based on a subsample of 1,181 interviews and has a margin of sampling error of plus or minus 3.5 percentage points.
Laura Lane, co-host of the podcast "This Is Why You're Single" and co-author of a book by the same name, says in an interview that her brother and his girlfriend got together when he was looking for a job and living with his parents. But Lane has also seen unemployment affecting a person's confidence and, in turn, torpedoing their efforts to find a steady partner. In her early 20s, she dated someone who had recently finished graduate school and was wondering what he was going to do with his life. "He was very much struggling with his sense of self," Lane recalls, and as a result their budding connection didn't turn into something solid. "Now he has a start-up and is doing great."
Lane says a lot of people who write in to her podcast looking for love advice are unhappy with their lives - and they think another person will fix that. "You really have to find that yourself," she says, adding that nothing really clicked, romantically, for her or for her co-host Angela Spera "until we had something personally exciting that we were doing. I think it was an energetic thing where we attracted people into our lives."
They're both in happy relationships now.